近日www..com，对于几岁退休的话题引发烧议。

　　今天你练听力了吗？

　　🤔️小功课：

　　1. How does Louis H. Primavera suggest people prepare for retirement?

　　A) By saving more money

　　B) By trying new activities and ramping down slowly

　　C) By consulting a financial advisor

　　D) By retiring at the same time as their partner

插插综合

　　无细心原文：

　　How to Know When It's Time to Retire

　　From: The Wall Street Journal

　　At 67， Kathie Davis liked her financial-services job. But the demands were getting heavier， and life outside work was moving on.

　　“When do you call it a career?” she wondered.

　　Her finances were in order， and with friends passing away—including one just into retirement—she decided it was time. Still， when her last Friday arrived in June， she sat in front of her computer well into the evening， trying to convince herself to log off.

　　“It just felt like a part of my life was being cut，” she said.

　　Americans are working later than ever. The average retirement age was 62 in 2023， up from 57 in 1991， according to a Gallup poll. Many people simply don't have the luxury of stopping， financially unable to go without a paycheck well after 65. Even when your retirement account hits its mark， deciding to close the book on your career can prompt existential questioning.

　　Wait too long， and you might regret the extra years you gave to work. Leave too early， and you could feel lost in your new life.

　　“Work in this society defines who you are，” says Louis H. Primavera， a psychology professor at Touro University who studies retirement. “When you're retired， you're a 'was.' ”

　　Maybe it's because on the job， we convince ourselves we're impervious to the passing of time. Work forms the scaffolding of our lives， and the end of work reminds us that the end of everything is coming， too.

　　Our longer lifespans have also changed the calculus. Retirement was once meant to be a brief respite between physically taxing work and death. Now it can span three or more decades. That alters what we can afford to do， financially and psychologically， say those who study longevity.

　　Clinging to your job forever isn't the answer. Instead， experiment and adjust to find the moment that promises freedom and rest， not an identity crisis.

　　Try new activities—pickleball， Bible study， volunteer work—before you make the jump， to see what gives you a sense of purpose， Primavera says. Research shows too many empty hours can leave us miserable.

　　Consider ramping down slowly with a new role or creative pursuit. And talk to your family. Retiring at the same time as your partner， Primavera says， lets you formulate a shared vision for travel or caring for grandkids.

　　Do the work， and you'll be ready to start your next chapter.

　　Create your own next chapter

　　You don't have to make a binary choice. You could taper or rethink your work.

　　“We've been trying to swim upstream， people at this stage of life， trying to pretend we have this boundless， youthful vigor，” says Marc Freedman， the 65-year-old founder of a San Francisco-based nonprofit. Recently， he realized he was exhausted from years of putting in seven-day workweeks， administering hundreds of performance reviews and prepping for countless board meetings.

　　Still he didn't feel done with the work. He split his job， sharing the chief executive role with a younger colleague. The move eased some of the pressure and freed him to focus on big-picture work.

　　“For a lot of people， they're actually at a point where they're about to do their best work， but society's telling them that they're done，” Freedman says of his fellow 60-somethings.

　　More than 40% of older adults work or plan to work in retirement， a recent AARP survey found.

　　- ◆ -

　　注：齐全题目见本文开首；汉文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

　　含细心全文：

　　How to Know When It's Time to Retire

　　From: The Wall Street Journal

　　At 67， Kathie Davis liked her financial-services job. But the demands were getting heavier， and life outside work was moving on.

　　67岁的凯西·戴维斯（Kathie Davis）可爱她的金融服务服务。关联词，服务条目越来越让她不胜重担，并且服务之外的生活也有了变化。

　　“When do youcall it a career?”she wondered.

　　她想知说念的是：“工作生涯到什么时候宣告杀青？”

　　call it a career

　　call it a career真理是“决定杀青工作生涯”或“文书退休”，默示某东说念主决定不再络续从事其工作，并准备干与退休生活或转向其他生活阶段。

　　源自普通用语中的“call it a day”，真理是“决定杀青一天的服务；杀青服务；到此为止；收工”，英文证明为“to stop what you are doing because you do not want to do any more or think you have done enough”举个🌰：I'm getting a bit tired now - let's call it a day. 我有些累了——收工吧。

　　Her finances were in order， and with friends passing away—including one just into retirement—she decided it was time. Still， when her last Friday arrived in June， she sat in front of her computer well into the evening， trying toconvinceherself tolog off.

　　她财务情状精熟，跟着一些一又友的死字（其中一位刚刚退休），她细目是时候退休了。昨年6月的一个周五是她临了一个服务日，她在电脑前一直坐到很晚，试图劝服我方透顶放下服务。

　　convince

　　convince /kənˈvɪns/ 默示“劝服；使信托；使信服”，英文证明为“to persuade someone or make someone certain”举个🌰：He managed to convince the jury of his innocence. 他使陪审团信托他是无辜的。

　　log off

　　log off/out 默示“退出，刊出（筹备机系统）”，英文证明为“to stop a computer being connected to a computer system， usually when you want to stop working”举个🌰：Could you all log off for a few minutes， please? 你们王人退出一会儿好吗？

　　“It just felt like a part of my life was being cut，” she said.

　　她说：“这种嗅觉就像是我人命的一部分被抽走了www..com。”

　　Americans are working later than ever. The average retirement age was 62 in 2023， up from 57 in 1991， according to a Galluppoll. Many people simply don't have theluxuryof stopping， financially unable to go without apaycheckwell after 65. Even when your retirement account hits its mark， deciding to close the book on your career canpromptexistential questioning.

　　脚下好意思国东说念主的退休年纪比以往任何时候王人要晚。盖洛普人心访问露馅，2023年的平均退休年纪为62岁，高于1991年的57岁。许多东说念主根底就不可奢求退休，因为在65岁以后的很长一段时分里，莫得薪水根底活不下去。即使在你的退休账户余额达到方针后，阻隔工作生涯的决定也可能引发对糊口道理的怀疑。

　　poll

　　poll /pəʊl/ 1）作名词，默示“人心老师；人心访问”，英文证明为“A poll is a survey in which people are asked their opinions about something， usually in order to find out how popular something is or what people intend to do in the future.”复数形状polls不错专指“选举投票；计票”（the process of voting at an election; the process of counting the votes）举个🌰：Polls show that the European treaty has gained support in Denmark. 人心老师露馅，欧洲左券如故在丹麦赢得搭救。

　　2）作动词，默示“对…进行人心访问”，英文证明为“If you are polled on something， you are asked what you think about it as part of a survey.”举个🌰：More than 2，000 people were polled. 2000多东说念主采纳了人心访问。

　　3）作动词，默示“赢得…选票”，英文证明为“If a political party or a candidate polls a particular number or percentage of votes， they get that number or percentage of votes in an election.”举个🌰：The result showed he had polled enough votes to force a second ballot. 领域露馅他赢得了实足的选票来促使第二轮选举。

　　luxury

　　luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃər.i/ 不可数名词，默示“奢华，浪掷”，英文证明为“very great comfort and pleasure， such as you get from expensive food， beautiful houses， cars etc”如：to live in luxury 生活奢华。

　　可数名词，默示“挥霍，名贵品”，英文证明为“something expensive that is pleasant to have but is not necessary”如：luxuries， such as champagne and chocolate 香槟酒和巧克力之类的挥霍。

　　paycheck

　　paycheck /ˈpeɪ.tʃek/ 默示“工资支票；工薪；工资”，英文证明为“the amount of money a person earns”举个🌰：It's easy to go on expensive holidays when you have a paycheck the size of hers. 要是你的薪水有她那么多的话，花大钱去度假就不在话下了。

　　prompt

　　prompt /prɒmpt/ 作名词，1）默示“（筹备机屏幕上的）辅导符（露馅筹备机如故准备好采纳指示）”，英文证明为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”

　　📍在ChatGPT火热的今天，prompt不时指的是给模子的输入，用来引发或带领模子生成特定的输出或回答。简而言之，prompt是指用户提供给说话模子的一段翰墨或号令，以便模子据此相识用户的需求并给出相应的反馈或信息。举例，在与像ChatGPT这么的大说话模子交互时，用户提倡的问题或指示等于一个“prompt”。模子会凭据这个prompt的内容分析、解决并生成回答或施行相干的任务。Prompt对于大说话模子来说口角常要津的，因为它平直决定了模子怎样相识和修升引户的需求。

　　📍prompt汉文里有译为“辅导词”，prompt engineering 等于“辅导工程/辅导词工程”。

　　2）默示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文证明为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”

　　3）作动词，默示“促使；导致；激起”，英文证明为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了东说念主群中一须眉的大怒。

　　📺好意思剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

　　4）作动词，默示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文证明为“to help someone， especially an actor， to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，惟有让东说念主提词。

　　Wait too long， and you might regret the extra years you gave to work. Leave too early， and you could feel lost in your new life.

　　恭候太久，你可能会对极度毁坏在服务上的岁月感到后悔。离开太早，你可能会在壮盛活中感到迷惘。

　　“Work in this societydefineswho you are，” says Louis H. Primavera， a psychology professor at Touro University who studies retirement. “When you're retired， you're a 'was.' ”

　　“在社会上服务决定了你是谁，”图罗大学（Touro University）磋议退休问题的神气学教养路易斯·H·普里马维拉（Louis H. Primavera）说。“退休后，你的身份就成了‘以前式’”。

　　define

　　define /dɪˈfaɪn/ 默示“给（尤指单词）下界说；证据，证明”，英文证明为“to say what the meaning of something， especially a word， is”举个🌰：Before I answer your question， could you define your terms a little more (= explain what you mean by the words you have used)? 在回答你的问题之前，你能不可再证明一下你用词的真理？

　　Maybe it's because on the job， we convince ourselves we'reimperviousto the passing of time. Work forms thescaffoldingof our lives， and the end of work reminds us that the end of everything is coming， too.

　　也许这是因为，在服务的时候，咱们会让我方信托咱们不受时分荏苒的影响。服务组成了咱们生活的脚手架，工作的闭幕会提醒咱们其他的一切也会闭幕。

　　impervious

　　impervious /ɪmˈpɜː.vi.əs/ 1）默示“不可浸透的”，英文证明为“not allowing liquid to go through”举个🌰：How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal? 胶水粘玻璃和金属之类不透水物资的领域怎样？

　　2）默示“不受影响的”，英文证明为“If someone is impervious to something，they are not influenced or affected by something.”举个🌰：She is impervious to criticism and rational argument. 她对品评和说理王人漫不全心。

　　scaffolding

　　scaffolding /ˈskæf.əl.dɪŋ/ 默示“脚手架；拓荒架”，英文证明为“a structure of metal poles and wooden boards put against a building for workers to stand on when they want to reach the higher parts of the building”举个🌰：Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week. 塔的周围已竖起了脚手架，修缮服务将从下周运行。

　　Our longer lifespans have also changed thecalculus. Retirement was once meant to be a briefrespitebetween physically taxing work and death. Now it canspanthree or more decades. Thatalterswhat we can afford to do， financially and psychologically， say those who studylongevity.

　　东说念主们寿命的延迟也改变了筹备退休时分的模样。退休也曾意味着在贫苦的膂力服务和死一火之间赢得一霎休息。如今，这段时分不错执续三十年以至更久。磋议龟龄的东说念主士默示，这从财务上和神气上改变了“咱们能在这段时分里作念些什么”这件事。

　　calculus

　　calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ 默示“微积分”，英文证明为“an area of advanced mathematics in which continuously changing values are studied”或者默示“（数，逻）演算（法），筹备（法）”，英文证明为“a way of calculating， judging， or deciding something in a complicated situation”

　　respite

　　respite /ˈres.paɪt/ 默示“暂停；暂时中止；暂时缓解”，英文证明为“a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant”举个🌰：We worked for hours without respite. 咱们一刻不断地服务了好几个小时。

　　2）默示“暂缓；一霎的减速；喘气（时分）”，英文证明为“a useful delay before something unpleasant happens”举个🌰：Their teacher was away， so they had a day's respite before their essays were due. 他们的老师出门，是以他们交论文的期限往后拖了一天。

　　span

　　span /spæn/ 1）默示“横跨”，英文证明为“A bridge or other structure that spans something such as a river or a valley stretches right across it.”举个🌰：Travellers get from one side to the other by walking across a footbridge that spans a little stream. 旅游者通过一座横跨小溪的东说念主行桥从一边走到另一边。

　　2）默示“执续”，英文证明为“If something spans a long period of time， it lasts throughout that period of time or relates to that whole period of time.”举个🌰：His professional career spanned 16 years. 他的工作生涯执续了16年。

　　alter

　　alter /ˈɒl.tər/ 默示“（使）改变，鼎新，变调”，英文证明为“to become different; to make sb/sth different”举个🌰：We've had to alter some of our plans. 咱们不得分歧一些谈论作了变调。

　　🎬电影《大考查福尔摩斯》（Sherlock Holmes）中的台词提到：that will alter the very course of the world. 足以改变全国的力量。

　　longevity

　　longevity /lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ 默示“龟龄，长命，执久”，英文证明为“living for a long time”举个🌰：To what do you attribute your longevity? 你的龟龄归功于哪些成分？

　　Clinging toyour job forever isn't the answer. Instead， experiment and adjust to find the moment that promises freedom and rest， not an identity crisis.

　　这个问题的谜底并不是要你一直服务下去。相背，你要进行尝试和蜿蜒，最终明确在哪个技巧退休，既能给你带来解放和休息，也不会酿成身份危急。

　　cling to sth

　　默示“坚执，保执，死死抱住（信念或但愿）”，英文证明为“to refuse to stop believing or hoping for something”举个🌰：She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her. 她信服丈夫一定会回到我方身边。

　　Try new activities—pickleball， Bible study， volunteer work—before you make the jump， to see what gives you a sense of purpose， Primavera says. Research shows too many empty hours can leave us miserable.

　　普里马维拉说，在你辞掉服务之前，尝试新的活动——比如匹克球、《圣经》研习和志愿者服务——望望哪些活动能带给你服务感。磋议露馅，空隙时分太多会让咱们感到不幸。

　　pickleball

　　pickleball /ˈpɪk.əl.bɔːl/ 默示“匹克球”，英文证明为“a game played in the US that is similar to tennis， but played close to the net with short wooden bats and a plastic ball with holes in it”举个🌰：Pickleball is enjoying huge increases in popularity with seniors， school kids， and families. 匹克球在老年东说念主、中小学生和家东说念主中的受接待历程有了很大的提升。

　　Considerrampingdown slowly with a new role or creative pursuit. And talk to your family. Retiring at the same time as your partner， Primavera says， lets youformulatea shared vision for travel or caring for grandkids.

　　筹商通过上演新扮装或从事有创意的活动而渐渐退下来。还要和你的家东说念主谈谈。普里马维拉说，和你的伴侣同期退休不错让你们在旅行和护理孙辈方面制定共同的愿景。

　　ramp

　　ramp /ræmp/ 作名词，默示“（东说念主造）陡坡，坡说念”，英文证明为“an artificial slope”举个🌰：I pushed the wheelchair up the ramp and into the supermarket. 我沿坡说念把轮椅激动了超市。

　　ramp sth up 1）默示“（公司）扩大，加多，增多（业务等）”，英文证明为“If a business ramps up its activity， it increases it.”举个🌰：The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10，000 units per month. 这家公司文书了每月坐褥1万件的增产谈论。

　　2）默示“加速（速率）；加多（威力）；提升（用度）”，英文证明为“to increase the speed， power， or cost of something”举个🌰：Announcement of the merger is expected to ramp up share prices over the next few days. 预测公司统一的音信发布后，接下来的几天里股票价钱会上扬。

　　反义词：ramp sth down

　　formulate

　　formulate /ˈfɔː.mjə.leɪt/ 默示“制订；霸术；构想”，英文证明为“to develop all the details of a plan for doing something”如：to formulate a new plan 制订一个新谈论。

　　Do the work， and you'll be ready to start your next chapter.

　　作念好这些服务，你就准备好开启东说念主生的新篇章了。

　　Create your own next chapter 创造你我方的下一个篇章

　　You don't have to make abinarychoice. You couldtaperor rethink your work.

　　你不一定要作念出非此即彼的采纳。你不错逐渐减少或从头筹商你的服务。

　　binary

　　binary /ˈbaɪ.nər.i/ 默示“双的；由两部分组成的”，英文证明为“consisting of two parts”，自己不错默示“二进制的”（The binary system expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1. It is used especially in computing.）在筹备机的全国里，解决的履行上王人是0和1这两个数字。

　　non-binary默示“非二元性別的”，英文证明为“having a gender identity (= feeling of being a particular gender) that is not simply male or female”. 也被粗野称作Genderqueer（性别酷儿），用来指称那些超越传统道理上对男性或女性的二元分辨、不只老到于男性或女性的自我性别招供。

　　📍此前纽约时报的有一篇著作成心证据了Nonbinary一词：“Washington， D.C.， schools are the latest， with a small change on the public school enrollment form for next year that some members of the L.G.B.T.Q. community regard as a big step forward: The term “nonbinary，” which refers to people who do not identify exclusively as male or female， will be included as a gender choice.” “华盛顿特区的学校对来岁的公立学校入学表格作念出了一个小变调：“非二元性别的”——意指那些性别招供不只老到于男性或女性的东说念主，被加入到性别采纳中。这是被一些L.G.B.T.Q.群体成员以为是一大跨越的最新例子。”

　　taper

　　taper /ˈteɪ.pər/ 作名词，默示“细枝小烛炬；烽火木片；灯炷；烛芯”，英文证明为“a very thin candle or a very thin strip of wood， used especially in the past for lighting candles， fires， etc.”也不错默示“渐减；逐渐缩小（或变细）”，英文证明“the way that sth gradually decreases in size， becoming thinner”

　　📍taper off默示“逐渐变小；逐渐减轻；使（数量等）逐渐减少；裁减…历程”，英文证明为“to become gradually smaller or weaker， or happen less often；to make sth become gradually less in number， amount， degree， etc.”举个🌰：Her voice tapered off as she realized everyone was listening. 当她意志到环球王人在听时，她的声息就越来越小了。They are gradually tapering off production of the older models.他们在逐渐减少坐褥旧型号的居品。

　　“We've been trying to swimupstream， people at this stage of life， trying to pretend we have this boundless， youthfulvigor，” says Marc Freedman， the 65-year-old founder of a San Francisco-based nonprofit. Recently， he realized he was exhausted from years of putting in seven-day workweeks， administering hundreds of performance reviews andpreppingfor countless board meetings.

　　“对于处在这个东说念主生阶段的东说念主来说，咱们以前一直在费力逆流而上，假装我方领有无尽的芳华活力，”旧金山一家非牟利组织首创东说念主、65岁的马克·弗里德曼(Marc Freedman)说。最近，他意志到，多年来坚执每周服务七天、厚爱数百次事迹评估以及为渊博次董事会议作念准备如故让我方窘况不胜。

　　upstream

　　upstream /ˌʌpˈstriːm/ 默示“在上游（地）；进取游（地）；逆流（地）”，英文证明为“(moving) on a river or stream towards its origin”举个🌰：Salmon swim upstream against very strong currents to reach their breeding areas. 大麻哈鱼会迎着湍急的水流游进取游它们的产卵区。

　　vigor

　　vigour /ˈvɪɡ.ər/ 1）默示“膂力；元气心灵；活力”，英文证明为“strength， energy， or enthusiasm”举个🌰：They set about their work with youthful vigour and enthusiasm. 他们带着年青东说念主的活力与温暖运行了服务。

　　2）默示“（念念想、不雅点等的）声势，力量”，英文证明为“strength of thought， opinion， expression， etc.”举个🌰：He gave his side of the story with vigour. 他充满情谊地从我方的角度证据了这件事。

　　prep

　　prep /prep/ 默示“准备”，英文证明为“to prepare something”举个🌰：Prepping your vegetables for a whole week in advance is a great way to save time and energy in the kitchen. 预先准备好一周的蔬菜是一个好目标，能检朴在厨房里花的时分和元气心灵。

　　Still he didn't feel done with the work. He split his job， sharing the chief executive role with a younger colleague. The move eased some of the pressure and freed him to focus on big-picture work.

　　关联词，他嗅觉我方还莫得干够这份服务。他把服务摊派出去，和一位比我方年青的共事共同担任首席施行官。此举减轻了部分压力，让他大致专注于大局。

　　“For a lot of people， they're actually at a point where they're about to do their best work， but society's telling them that they're done，” Freedman says of his fellow 60-somethings.

　　“对许多东说念主来说，他们履行上正处于行将在服务中大放异彩的技巧，但这个社会告诉他们，不错角巾私第了。”弗里德曼在谈到60多岁的同龄东说念主时这么说说念。

　　-something

　　-something后缀，默示“（用于数字后指年纪或某个年纪段的东说念主）…多岁，…多岁的东说念主”，英文证明为“used after a number like 20， 30， etc. to refer to the age of a person who is between 20 and 29， 30 and 39 years old， etc.， or to a person who is of this age”举个🌰：I'd guess she's thirty-something. 我猜她三十多岁。

　　More than 40% of older adults work or plan to work in retirement， a recent AARP survey found.

　　好意思国退休东说念主员协会（AARP）最近的一项访问发现，杰出40%的年父老退休后仍在服务或者贪图退休后络续服务。

　　- 词汇清点 -

　　call it a career、 convince、 log off、 poll、 luxury、 paycheck、 prompt、 define、 impervious、 scaffolding、 calculus、 respite、 span、 alter、 longevity、 cling to sth、 pickleball、 ramp、 formulate、 binary、 taper、 upstream、 vigor、 prep、 -something

　　- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

　　At 50-something， Jake decided to call it a career， convinced luxury awaited beyond the paycheck grind. Polling friends for respite ideaswww..com， he swapped calculus for pickleball. His binary life altered， he found vigor upstream， prepping for tournaments on newly ramped courts， impervious to aging's scaffolding.